PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.
